Port-wine stain is the name given to a rare type of birthmark that looks like a red-, pink-, or purple-colored wine stain on the skin. The birthmark only appears in 1 to 3 out of every 1,000 births and is not hereditary, nor is it more common in males vs. females and vice versa. Although port-wine stains can appear on any part of the body, they more commonly appear on the face.

At birth, the birthmark is usually flat and untextured. However, as a person ages, a port-wine stain may grow larger and become bumpy looking, uneven, and raised. Eventually, port-wine stains may cause bleeding issues and discomfort. Treatment for port-wine stains is available using a very specific form of laser treatment provided by a knowledgeable health professional.

When to Worry

Generally, port-wine stains do not cause many issues unless they appear on the upper portion of the face, such as the forehead or around the eye. In situations where the birthmark appears on the upper part of the face, it can be associated with another rare disorder known as Sturge-Weber syndrome. Sturge-Weber Syndrome occurs in approximately 1 of every 20,000 to 50,000 individuals in the United States.

It is important to note that Sturge-Weber syndrome can lead to problems such as:

• Seizures
• Weakness that occurs on one side of the body
• Developmental delays
• Glaucoma
• Seizures
• Migraines or other headache issues
• Ear and sinus infections
• Issues with the ears, nose, and throat
• Sleep apnea
• Hypothyroidism
• Grown hormone deficiency

The extra layer of blood vessels situated over the brain's surface is the primary cause of issues related to port-wine stains. If you notice a port-wine stain on the upper portion of your face or perhaps your child's face, make sure you speak to a medical professional about proper treatment as soon as possible.

Receiving Treatment

Laser treatment is available for those who wish to have port-wine stains removed or the appearance of the birthmark lightened. Even if the birthmark does not appear on the upper part of the face, some people wish to have the birthmark removed or lightened for physical appearance purposes.

The number of treatments required to treat port-wine stains will vary depending on the location and size of the stain and the age of the patient in need of treatment. Keep in mind that laser treatment can make the birthmark appear darker immediately afterward. Your port-wine stain may appear dark purple or even black in color for approximately a week to two weeks following treatment.

You may also notice some swelling and itchiness. Fortunately, the swelling, darkening, and itchiness will all fade away. There are also some newer laser treatments available that do not result in such intense darkening, though you may still notice some redness.

It is best to speak to a doctor about the different laser treatments available so you can determine which one might be best for you or your child. In fact, it is recommended that you speak to a doctor so you can better prepare yourself for treatment sessions. Very young children can receive treatment approximately once every four weeks, whereas older children and adults usually must wait 8 to 12 weeks between treatments.

Make sure you follow your doctor's instructions thoroughly for a successful outcome. For instance, a doctor may tell you to limit sun exposure both before and after you receive treatment. Exposure to the sun and even tanning can limit the laser's ability to pinpoint blood vessels located in the port-wine stain. If you must be outside in the sun, make sure you use a strong sunscreen of at least SPF 30 or higher. Also, you should reapply the sunscreen at least every 2-3 hours depending on your activities, exposure to moisture, and other factors.

Contact a professional today to learn more about port-wine stain treatments and what you can expect.